The Knowledge Explosion :: Essays Papers

The Knowledge Explosion The current patterns in instruction are pushing instructors toward selection of a coordinated educational plan. What is presently alluded to as the incorporated educational plan was once known as interdisciplinary examinations. Reconciliation centers around the association of focal topics or ideas joining a few subjects. These topics, or ideas, permit understudies to interconnect data between branches of knowledge. Giving understudies this ability will empower them to consolidate data in enormous amounts, evaluate the quality and legitimacy of data, and help them to decide the significance of some random setting. Supplanting the detached branches of knowledge with an incorporated educational program creates in the understudy an interrelated perspective on learning. There are two regular models for educational plan joining, the Daisy Model and the Rose Model. Autonomous subjects are sorted out around a focal topic in the Daisy Model. The subjects allude back to the topic yet are educated independently. The topic is spoken to by the focal point of the daisy encompassed by the extraordinary and separate petals which speak to subjects. Then again, the petals of the rose are interlaced representing the completely coordinated subjects of the Rose Model. The focal point of the Rose Model is on a specific topic as opposed to singular subjects. The subjects are joined under one topic and are instructed all the while through the investigation of that theme.(Martin, D. J., 2000). Educational program mix has become an approach to divert the points and motivations behind tutoring as a result of its positive advantages for understudies. James Beane has discovered proof that shows that we have known for a long time that development toward this path benefits both youngsters and their teachers(1992). One positive part of this educational program is that understudies see the significance of the guidance in view of the associations made among subject areas(McDonald, J., 1994). This makes the guidance not so much conceptual but rather more pertinent to genuine life(Berlin, D. F., 1994). Understudies at that point will in general quest for implications and answers to their inquiries rather than just retaining realities to pass exams(Beane, J, 1992). Ms. M, a fifth grade instructor in Maryland, has watched this component of joining in the activities of her understudies. They appear to be increasingly inspired by the topic when they can relate it to their own encounters and different pieces of their instruction. Furthermore, she saw that the understudies had a superior feeling of achievement when they could draw from past guidance and tie together data from each subject. Understudies who feel fruitful will obtain the aptitudes essential for participation, socialization, correspondence and self-inspiration.

Macroeconomic Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Macroeconomic Coursework - Essay Example As it were what macroeconomic hypothetical models try to achieve by method of controlling or animating factors, for example, expansion or/and development are looked to be practiced in an increasingly expressive way by these delegate specialist models. Delegate specialist models are in reality a few endeavors of business analysts to demonstrate and speak to the large scale economy as though it were a solitary unit. These delegate operator models depend on the fundamental precepts of the first models. Then again stimulative financial approach measures are received by governments because of downturns or monetary downturns. A downturn, characterized as two back to back quarters of negative Gross Domestic Product (GDP) development in a year, can be halfway or entirely switched by utilizing a mix of macroeconomic measures or arrangements, for example, financial or/and money related strategy measures. In any event this is the conviction among financial specialists however there can be a great deal of contentions to demonstrate that it is impossible as effectively as it’s proposed. Delegate operator models would fundamentally necessitate that some rigid presumptions are fulfilled before the model is embraced so results could be anticipated with a level of conviction. Along these lines all delegate operator models dependent on old style/neoclassical, Keneysian/neo-Keneysian and financial hypotheses expect that monetary upgrade projects could successfully help monetary development during a downturn or a monetary downturn. In any case, those suppositions that they require as fundamental pre-conditions may be extremely hard to satisfy however. Financial approach includes budgetary measures in which the administration helps through a deficiency spending plan so as to animate the economy by charging lower corporate expenses. As it were financial income in the given monetary year will be not as much as government use on ventures. These undertakings are naturalluy proposed to invigorate spending and resulting financial development (Ertl, 2008). At the point when the legislature spends more than what it

Language and Culture in New Zealand Organization Research Paper

Language and Culture in New Zealand Organization - Research Paper Example As per the exploration discoveries, it can, thusly, be said that different dialects are spoken in the nation where some are authoritatively perceived, and others are most certainly not. These various dialects realize various societies and impact the association structure of the nation. New Zealand is situated in the Southwest of the Pacific Ocean. The nation is primarily comprised of two landmasses to be specific the South and North Islands. A few ethnic gatherings can be found in New Zealand, which incorporates the Maori, Europeans, Asians, and Pacific Islander among others. The nation's authentic dialects are Maori, English and the New Zealand communication through signing. English can be named as the fundamental business language, as it is spoken by 98 % of the residents this can be ascribed to the British Commonwealth ties. Maori is viewed as a Polynesian language which can be contrasted with dialects spoken in other Pacific Cultures, for example, Tongan, Samoan and Hawaiian. Acc ording to the statistics done in 2006, in excess of 157,000 individuals in the nation speak Maori. This language has existed in New Zealand culture from as ahead of schedule as the country’s disclosure. Maori individuals were the first to get to New Zealand and were later trailed by the European pilgrims. Be that as it may, it was simply in the wake of going of the 1986 Maori Language Act that the language was officially perceived as an official language. The utilization and the advancement of Maori language is reliably supported by the New Zealand language Commission. English and Maori are utilized everywhere throughout the nation in differed news sources particularly in radio and TV programs. As obvious in many areas of the reality where societies have intermixed, Both English and Maori societies have affected one another. Different words have been consumed into the jargon of the two dialects. There are a lot of contrasts in the above societies particularly when innate circ les are included.

American Revolution Essays

American Revolution Essays American Revolution Essay American Revolution Essay Dreading the French picking up the per hand, the British not just attempted to pay off the Iroquois to their side with merchandise, yet in addition at enticed to make a global confederation, which they trusted would bring together the provinces a ND give a precise and shared protection framework. As the Seven Yeas War started in America, one of the main British offensives w as an assault on Fort Duquesne by General Edward Bradford and his 2,200 men in 1 755. Be that as it may, an alliance of French and Indian powers ambushed the British power, and after he ivy misfortunes and the passing of Bradford, the British powers withdrew. With the retreat, Franchised Indians started assaulting the fringes Of the provinces, viably stopping both the war exertion just as extension for a long time. The French and Indians took both Fort Owes and Fort William m Henry, and with these additions, they currently held a greatly improved situation over the British, both n Europe and America. Be that as it may, the tides changed when the Iroquois started to expect that the French were getting excessively incredible, and they left battling, which likewise made a large number of the other Indian clans stop or potentially switch sides. Additionally, William Pit turned into the pioneer of the military organization of the British bureau. Pit mobilized the homesteaders into battling through contribution to pay of r the war obligation, which created more than 40,000 new warriors. With new, new fighters, the tide o f the fight turned, as the British reclaimed their lost grounds, and subsequent to driving the French out of the e provinces they caught Montreal in 1759. Wear 2 These annihilations constrained the French to arrange terms for land dispersion in No Roth America. Be that as it may, the French tried to dispatch a recover, which bombed wretchedly. Behind remunerations, the British and French concurred that France was to surrender the entirety of the land east of the Mississippi to Britain. It was not just France and Britain in the discussions, nonetheless, as Spain was likewise included. A progression of exchanges at that point started. Spain would take all grounds west Of Louisiana from the French, and would give Britain control of Florida in return for Cuba. Toward the finish, all things considered, both Britain and Spain had monstrous land possessions, and the French just had small spots of an area rye in the Caribbean and islands in North America. French subjects, who didn't bolster their new British rulers, were constrained out, and the greater part of them went to Louisiana, and became Cajuns. 2. Supreme Revenues and Reorganization, 17601766 In the repercussions of the Seven Years War, the British looked for an approach to quality en and pay for their now a lot bigger realm. The British government passed Acts, such a s the Stamp Act, to create cash. In any case, the settlers didn't care for these freshly discovered duties, and dissented, some of the time viciously. All through the war, there were pressures among British and Colonial soldiers , with each feeling that the other was by one way or another off base. The British felt that the cool nail troops were unrecognized and dissatisfied, and the Colonial soldiers felt the British were stuck k up. The British ere additionally furious that the homesteaders were liberated from paying the obligations of the war, as the obligation in England soar. Be that as it may, on the grounds that homesteaders were spending such a great amount on British products, the cost of which had ascended during wartime, they additionally fell into obligation. With this cam e much doubt of Britain deliberately placing the settlers into this circumstance. These were not the e just strains that emerged after the war. Numerous Natives, expecting that the British would take their Ian d and oppress them, assaulted British posts and raised an anti-infection agents assumption. Pontiac Rebel lion, as it was currently, was at last a disappointment, as the British squashed them with assistance fro m smallpox and different elements. Lord George additionally announced that the entirety of the land west of the App Alsatians was presently under regal guideline, and that the Indians could either surrender them to the British or leave. Nonetheless, this Proclamation of 1763 incensed the pilgrims in that it felt that the regal c rowan had unexpectedly taken the entirety of their cases toward the west, rather than giving them back to the states s. At last, with this uprising came the legislatures choice to station 1 0,000 British soldiers n the new terrains. This would cost a substantial measure of cash, and Parliament needed the colonic SST to help pay. This, joined with the settlers thought of the standing armed force in their properties, g eve approach to increasingly strains between the homesteaders and the British government. To stop illicit exchange with outside countries, the British government permitted fortress beneficiary experts in the states to apply a writ of help which took into consideration the seizing of unlawful merchandise (essentially a court order). Be that as it may, numerous pilgrims considered this d remark Don 3 unlawful as it didn't require any proof or doubt, which mean t that anyone, at NY time, could be looked. Dealers in Boston immediately responded to this demonstration, and selected James Otis to contend against it. Otis contended that it was surely unlawful, and in this way that made the demonstration void. In any case, Parliament administered against Otis, and he lost the case. No in any case, this case delivered a significant point; that the administration had no capacity to in periphery the rights off man under the Constitution. The Sugar Act was passed in 1764 as another manner to help fund-raise for the costs of the war. The Sugar Act introduced an assessment on all molasses and sugar entering t he states from the West Indies. Be that as it may, with the Navigation Acts as of now in play, the colonic TTS despite everything chose to import the modest molasses from the French. Despite the fact that Parliament knew the is, they didn't promptly make a move. The Sugar Act was likewise extremely muddled in its manners. Above all else, it fundamentally expressed that any great that experienced Britain initially could then be shih peed to different nations, which viably voided the Navigation Acts. Parliament considered this to be advantageous to Britain, as they trusted it would get additionally exchanging out of British ports rodent her than state French ports. Additionally, in light of the fact that there were recently discovered prerequisites, for example, a m height of papers and structures that a chief needed to round out, numerous boats could be looked because of a specialized mistake, not really for the commander doing anything incorrectly. Since the Sugar Act was upheld so vigorously, numerous boats were looked. At long last, Parliament brought down the duty to I sees than a penny, which assisted with hindering a few runners. The effect of the Stamp Act was that numerous pilgrims were currently mindful of the developing number of arrangements and bills pushed onto the m by Parliament. In spite of the fact that the Sugar Act raised some income, Britain was still in huge De wager. Thus, to attempt to ease more obligation they passed the Stamp Act in 1765. The Stamp Act WA s a demonstration that necessary any homesteaders who needed to make or sign an archive (paper, licenses, purchasing land and so on ) to purchase a stepped paper. The Stamp Act promptly had a much liar egger sway on the pioneers when contrasted with the Sugar Act, as it applied to practically the entirety of the colonic SST, rather than just vendors and dealers. William Pit contended that Parliament couldnt charge British h subjects who didn't have portrayal in Parliament. George Greenville, the British Prime Mi sir, concurred, yet in addition expressed that they had Virtual portrayal in Parliament, and in this manner cool d be burdened. Homesteaders concurred that this demonstration encroached on their political self-governance. Clearly Parliament and the homesteaders had various thoughts regarding the sloganeering of the states. Note heelless, the Stamp Act caused a lot of reaction inside the provinces. Numerous homesteaders had comparable sentiments on the Stamp Act. Most of colonic TTS were furious about the duty itself, and the inconsequential thought of Virtual portrayal. Patrick H vitality, an attorney out of Virginia, started more help against this demonstration. Henry mentioned that the Vi ragging House of Burgesses to preclude parliaments tax collection From securing the states through a progression Of w ell worded goals. Henry drafted a portion of these goals, and passed them to Par lineament, yet he donned 4 not have a lot of achievement. Parliament was unmoved and fairly affronted d by Henrys harsh speech towards them. Be that as it may, to the ordinary man not associated with politic s, Henrys goals sounded exceptionally solid. In Boston, where ordinary citizens were in a poor circumstance, these goals delivered a progressive fire. A considerable lot of the residents of Boo stone had seen sensational reduction in benefits and generally speaking riches, because of various variables. So me of these components were charges, similar to the Navigation and Sugar Acts, just as the loss of industry t different settlements. Bostonians vigorously, and now and then brutally, opposed the Stamp Act. All through the provinces, gatherings of men, known as the Sons of Liberty framed to help encourage more pr tests, in spite of the fact that they kept the fights from getting excessively savage. In 1765 some frontier rep restoratives met at the Stamp Act Congress, to examine the authority of Parliament over the colonic sees. They concurred that Parliament lacked position to burden the settlements. As uproars proceeded, imperial operators just as stamp wholesalers were dismissing to carry out their responsibilities. Pioneer elites, dreading an ever y fierce result, ride to reestablish organizations and neighborhood exchange to how it was. Numerous pilgrims attempted to constrain the Stamp Act to be revoked, as was seen in New York, where shippers chose to not accepting any British merchandise. These blacklists and uproars caused alarm in Britain. In Parliament, the head administrator was hesitant to cancel the law in light of the fact that such a significant number of the British elites were incensed at the homesteaders refusal. Parliament endeavored to s WAP out the Stamp Act for a Declaratory Act, which expressed that Parliament could in truth administer f or the settlements. In Parlia

The Nice Guy free essay sample

Perhaps he’ll state he’s ? nally prepared to pass me the implement. out an approach to ? nalize the information. Who was getting you out, Lynne or Aaron? †¦ Neither? Ugh. Okay, good. Call me when you’re on your way in to the of? ce, OK? See ya. † [Hangs up. ] Damn. This thoroughly wrecks my morning. Presently I’ll need to attempt to hack my way through the spreadsheet before the gathering. I can’t envision what it’s like dealing with a parent with a terminal sickness. How dreadful. Be that as it may, Lisa’s truly slipping. She was such a determined worker and an incredible tasks administrator, yet her center has been shot since her mom became ill. Rather, he was beginning a â€Å"new media† organization. The idea of leaving an incredible occupation at TRH and joining his group was the uttermost thing from my psyche, yet the insane person pitched me so hard I couldn’t stand up to. We will compose a custom article test on The Nice Guy or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page What's more, he was correct. He realized that organizations would require a vital accomplice that could give inventive thoughts in all media †print, radio, TV, and â€Å"that data superhighway I continue finding out about. †Daner would have been that accomplice. We’ve had our high points and low points, however it’s been an extraordinary ride. Up from ? ve individuals to over a hundred, a customer list that brags some the greatest organizations on the planet. Furthermore, the best part is, it’s simply the start. Larry is as yet a tiger, however he’s getting somewhat drained and needs to golf. I can’t censure him for that. It’s de? nitely time for him to resign. Of late I could swear he’s been doing the prod poke, winkwink toward me. George thinks he’s in the running as well, however I think he’ll be cool with answering to me. Marvel: Once I’m CEO, would it be a good idea for me to placed George responsible for our European development? An impression in Europe will make us significantly increasingly basic to our customers. It will make us a worldwide pioneer, not only a local shop. George has done well under Larry for as long as two years. He was pretty psyched about his advancement to VP of business improvement. He’s extraordinary on the specialized finish of things, yet he despite everything needs progressively clean and involvement in clients. He is feisty, thoughâ€always ready to take on anything. Also, he’ll challenge Larry suddenly. I’m astonished Larry endures it and doesn’t cleave him off at the knees. All things considered, with regards to individuals, Larry can truly be so unyielding. His show no mercy mentality is reasonable when offering on business yet not with regards to individuals. Like when Larry said Lisa’s become a risk of late; he even implied about supplanting her. Ugh. Lay off Lisa? I can scarcely think the words, not to mention say them to her. She’s consistently been my correct arm. She ordinarily realizes what I’m thinking even before I do. Of course, Jim or Andrea could inevitably deal with the job of tasks chief, however there’s a lofty expectation to absorb information. Note to self: Have another sincere with Lisa to talk about the chance of lessening her outstanding burden for a whileâ€or perhaps perceive how she’d feel about disappearing from nonappearance that would let her emphasis on her mother. I truly need the old Lisa back. 7:38 AM Passing Edgewater Park on the Shoreway This traf? c is crazy. In the event that I leave by 6:00, I’m brilliant. In any case, in the event that I hold up until after 6:30 to wake Sheila and the children on out, I’m hosed. In any event today I get the chance to see an astonishing dawn. Reward. Man, I could run quicker than this. I recollect each one of those conceptualizing runs with Larry along the lake. It was extraordinary to share any useful info and discussion about what's to come. For an old person, he did quite well †up until his coronary failure three years back. I nearly lost it a week ago when he said that he was going to begin running again †and he’s expecting to run the Boston Marathon in April. It would be ideal if you Larry, stay with golf and cruising! It’ll be amusing to overwhelm him with the technique and the numbers. It’s been a huge amount of work getting ready for this, however now we’re prepared. We can prepare rapidly once he gives us the green light. I’m a little shocked that he’s avoided our ongoing arranging meetings. I thought he’d need to give some input and bearing. Maybe it’s his method of pulling back and enabling me before giving me control. All in all, the million-dollar question is: What will he say? I think I know the appropriate response. He’ll love the base lineâ€that he can golf and sail as much as he needs. He’ll like his new director just job with the goal that he can step away from the dayharvard business survey Between you and me, I’m not absolutely precluding bargain, yet you have to push back. Remind them how much business we’ve given them throughout the years, and recall we’re discussing a major wad of cash here. Moreover, they ought to have gotten the misstep. You can do this, Justin. Update me as often as possible. † I can’t accept this. More issues? Abbe Printing needed to re-try the entire thing due to their mix-up, and since rep Randy is attempting to persuade Justin that Daner should part the expense of the republish with them? Disregard it! I can’t stand it when individuals attempt to exploit. I experienced childhood in a print shop, for cryin’ for all to hear. Gimme a break! Justin has a point, however. The dinky print specs Lisa arranged on that activity made somewhat of a hazy area as far as culpability, yet at the same time †we give Abbe many employments a year. Over $2 million in incomes, I’ll wager! We could be unyielding on this. Staying us with a bill like this equitable doesn’t feel right. Still†¦maybe there’s space for bargain. I realize that Randy is a hero, what's more, they’ve gone far in excess of what was required for us ordinarily. I truly don’t need to burn that merchant relationship. a short while after the children go to class.

How Job Interviews at Startups and Big Companies Differ

How Job Interviews at Startups and Big Companies Differ Job interviews can be daunting, but they can also be characterized by being usually unique. No matter how much you know about them, you can’t ever encounter an exact copy of an interview â€" different industries and different companies have their own unique ways of conducting interviews.These differences are especially clear in the examples of interviews at startups and big companies. In this post, I’m going to outline the differences in four key areas: preparation, tone, structure, and the post-interview process.HOW TO PREPARE?You should know by now that the interviews are more than just a meeting with the prospective employers where you’re supposed to answer questions. You can’t just show up on the day and hope you can convince the company of your value and skills.The interview process starts from the moment you consider applying; not only do you need to research whether the role is worth applying to, but you also need to prepare for the upcoming interview.Just as you wouldn’t show up to a 100m final without warm-up, you shouldn’t show up to a job interview without preparing yourself for the questions and arming yourself with the right knowledge.After all, running a race without warm-up can cause you to pull a muscle and showing up for an interview without preparation can end up with you falling at the last hurdle. When it comes to differences between job interviews at startups and big companies, the distinct nature of the process becomes evident during this preparation process.How? Let’s look at how you need to research and prepare in both instances.Big companiesIf you get an invitation to attend a job interview, you have to spend quite a bit of time preparing for the interview. Preparation is crucial to help you feel more relaxed and to ensure you highlight your expertise and skills appropriately.Big companies require a lot of preparation â€" they don’t differ much from any basic job interview, in the sense that you need to have a good grasp of the role in question and the organization you are hoping to join.If you’re preparing for an interview with a big corporation, you should be aware of the essentials:Who are you and what have you done in your professional life? This includes being able to highlight your education, your previous work experience and any other professional achievement you might have received over the ye ars. It’s about memorizing and understanding your professional timeline â€" showing year by year how you’ve taken steps to boost your career, whether through studies or jobs.What is the company you are applying for like? You need to understand what the company does, what is its place within the industry it operates, and the kind of business culture it represents. Big companies often ask questions aimed at understanding and evaluating your knowledge about them and to realize whether you are the right fit to their corporate culture and mission. If you can’t understand what the company is doing and how it is doing it, you can’t necessarily create an image of yourself that says you are passionate and exited at working there. So, you need to learn things about the company, understand its business culture, and its business focus and objectives.What the role is about? You also need to research the role in question. In big corporations, the role’s specific requirements and respons ibilities are often carefully outlined in the job description. You are most likely applying for a specific title, such as ‘Senior Accounts Manager’. Since you are given a title, you can research it, get a better understanding of the responsibilities, and therefore, be better equipped at answering questions about the role. You can also talk to people working in similar roles, but in different companies, to get a broad understanding of what to expect â€" not only from the interview, but the role itself.Why you are applying for the role and what can you provide for the company and the role? Finally, your preparation will focus on your specific reasons for applying for the role and especially how you and your skills fit the role. You need to be able to provide information about your skills and experiences, and relate it to the job and the company in question.The essence of preparation for an interview at a big company is on understanding the role you are asked to perform and to be a ble to showcase how you are the right fit for the company with your skills and your expertise.StartupsNow, while the preparation doesn’t necessarily differ that much from the above â€" you still need to be able to know your own professional qualifications, the basic information about the company and the role, and be able to showcase your fit â€" there are subtle differences in what you can find out and what you should focus on in your research.Since you are interviewing for a startup, you are essentially trying to research a company that doesn’t have a huge online presence or history. You won’t find a list of previous or current employees to talk to, as the company might not have been in operation for more than a few months, for example.Furthermore, the job description might not be quite as rigid with a startup as it is with a big company. While the application might be looking for an ‘IT manager’, the role can include different duties to those in established companies.In the most obvious cases, you might be in charge of creating and developing the IT department rather than joining an existing and well-oiled department and simply overseeing it.So searching the role beforehand is not quite as easy or useful. Instead, the key is to prepare yourself for the mission and the culture of the startup â€" what is the objective of the organization?With your preparation, you want to be able to highlight that you understand the mission and to showcase how you can add value to achieving the objectives the company has.Furthermore, you need to focus on the bigger picture. What is the marketplace for the company and its product? If you can show a solid understanding of the industry the company is trying to break in, you can present yourself as someone who knows how to grow the organization to the business it wants to become.One interesting and important part of preparing for an interview with a startup is understanding what startups are. What I mean is that an estab lished business has different challenges to a company that is looking to break into the industry.Therefore, if you are able to understand the unique nature of a startup, you can highlight your expertise and value much better. So, prepare also by getting deeper into the essence of a startup as a business model. WHAT WILL THE TONE BE LIKE?So, what about the actual interview? What are the differences in approaching the job interview and what can you expect when you are interviewing with a big corporation or a startup?While the preparation is essentially rather similar, with only subtle differences in the focus, the approach to the interview and the interview environment are starting to showcase major differences between the two organizations.Big companiesA big company and its approach to job interviews can be described with a single word: formal. The big companies tend to take a serious and extremely professional approach to interviews, which is highlighted in the atmosphere and the mo od of the interview.How does formality showcase in a big company interview? First, the dress code is business attire nearly always. You need to follow the guidelines outlined in the image to ensure you look the part in your interview: Source:  PURDUE CCOThe formal and professional attire sets the tone for the whole interview. The process will be highly structured, with the interview consisting of pre-set questions that you are expected to answer.The meeting is most likely going to last a specific amount of time after which you are notified of the next steps in the process. The attitude and atmosphere during the interview will maintain a cordial, yet professional attitude. The focus is essentially just to evaluate your fit for the role and the business.Like I’ve said above, big companies are looking for a specialist or an expert. They want someone who is highly qualified for the role and can perform the tasks required to the best possible ability.The whole focus of the interview is therefore to establish whether the candidate has these qualifications. There is no time for fun and games â€" the tone is formal and it’s likely extremely efficient. You are expected to use professional language and highlight efficie ncy in getting to your point. Delays in the process are not appreciated or welcomed.Furthermore, the conversation is structured in a much more hierarchical way. You have the interviewer asking the questions in a formal manner, while you answer them to the best of your ability.StartupsOn the other hand, the atmosphere in an interview for a startup is much more informal and relaxed. For start, the dress code is often rather different to big companies.We all know the stereotypical image of a startup company executive, running around in sneakers, jeans and a t-shirt. While you might not want to follow this dress code at your interview, you should check out the startup dress code and perhaps relax your business attire a little.So, instead of heading out in a jeans and a t-shirt combination, you add a shirt and a blazer to the look. The key is to do a bit more research and perhaps opt on the side of casual more than business.Furthermore, the relaxed nature is often reinforced with the lac k of formal office space. Startups might work in a public space, such as an incubator office, or have a limited open space where it conducts interviews â€" in fact, you might even have the interview in a public space such as a coffeehouse.This means the occasion is less formal and doesn’t follow a rigid structure. While there are questions they will ask you and so on, the process doesn’t necessarily follow a strict schedule or a format.The conversation might flow depending on how much you know about the sector and the kind of input you are able to add to the company’s project. The conversation is likely to follow a more informal structure and be less stifled with formal language.This doesn’t mean there isn’t a lot of industry jargon or professionalism at play; it’s just that the conversation is more about having two professionals discussing things over a glass of wine rather than an authority figure asking questions while you answer.Indeed, Corey Chambas, the president a nd CEO of First Business Financial Services, refers to this process of finding the right fit as the “beer test”. It’ essentially about hiring a person you wouldn’t mind having a beer with after work â€" i.e. ensuring you get along.Indeed, startups are looking for an individual â€" someone to add something to the company’s vision, not necessarily the expert in a specific role. The focus of the interview and the atmosphere is not to find the person most suited to help with accounting, for instance, but someone who has a vision to help the startup with its finances and to add something to the whole team.It’s more about the fit you have in terms of your personality and your passion, rather than the technical ability and skills you bring. You want to emphasize the passion you have towards the project and your ability to build on the company’s initial successes.WHAT HAPPENS DURING THE INTERVIEW?Now you’ve set the right tone. You look the part and you use the right type of language during your interview.But what happens in the job interview? I’ve given a few insights already, but let’s take a closer look at the differences in the structure and the contents of the interview at startups and big companies.Big companiesLet’s recap the most important point about big company job interviews: they are formal in nature. The process is structured and every single interview the company does for the role in question is highly likely to follow the exact same formula.Why? Because the interviewer is usually a seasoned human resource professional. Now there are two possibilities when being interviewed by a big company:First, the interviewer is from the company’s HR department and has specialized in the hiring and interviewing process.Second option is for the interviewer to be an HR specialist from a recruitment company, i.e. not part of the actual company, but hired to do the interviews for them.In both instances, the interviewer knows what they are doing and they are going to be good at it. The interview will include a list of common interview questions, and perhaps some tasks for testing your aptitude.As well as answering questions, you are most likely going to have an opportunity to ask questions about the role or the organization as well. But, the focus is on finding out if your skills match those of the company’s requirements.Since the interview follows a structured, generalized approach and flow, you will definitely benefit from watching online interview tutorials and reading answers to most common job interview questions. For example, check out the informative video of what a good job interview looks like and what happens at the interview: Your big company interview experience could be described as a passive experience. Not in the sense that you are just going to sit there, but your role is to answer questions the interviewer asks and to follow their instructions.This can include situations where they want you to show initiativ e by asking questions or presenting ideas for taking the company forward, but these are pre-planned moments and aimed at finding out specific things about you.StartupsNow, the person you’ll find on the other side of the table at a startup is unlikely to be an HR specialist. The owner or the CEO of the business more often than not conducts the interview at startups.In a sense, you are facing the boss right from the onset. This could add quite a bit to the pressure of getting through the interview! The good news is that if you impress the interviewer, then you probably have the boss in your corner right from the get-go.Since the interviewer isn’t specialized in hiring or evaluating candidates, the format will be more relaxed and it won’t follow such a rigid structure. You can’t prepare with the traditional guides in mind, as you won’t know what type of interviewer this specific startup executive or team member is.There will surely be certain common questions and things you c an prepare for, as mentioned above, but the actual structure and flow of conversation is much harder to predict or prepare for.Indeed, the interview can seem more like a conversation rather than a question and answer session. In this sense, the startup interview will be a more active experience for you. You are expected to take control â€" to direct the conversation and talk about your passion towards the industry.As I mentioned above, the focus is on ensuring you fit the team and the mission, and so you want to impress the interviewer with your understanding of the industry and your ideas for the company going forward.So, don’t relax too much and just provide answers when the interviewer asks questions â€" be bold and don’t be afraid of taking control.WHAT SHOULD YOU DO AFTERWARDS?A job interview isn’t just an hour spent in a room answering questions, as I said at the start. The process starts long before you enter the interview and it doesn’t end as you say your goodbyes.W henever you attend an interview, you should always follow it up. Nonetheless, there are slight differences in tone between big companies and startups.Big companiesBig company job interviews can actually include more than one stage. The process from application to hiring can last much longer and therefore you need to be aware of this process.Your first interview might just be about finding a selection of candidates, especially if a recruitment company interviews you, with another interview being conducted by the actual company or its representative department.So, be aware of the process and ask at the end of the interview what is going to happen next. You want to know when you should be expecting to hear from the company and have an idea whether further assessment or interviews are expected.After you’ve been interviewed, you want to follow-up with the interviewer no matter what the process afterwards is going to be like. So ensure you have the contact details of the person who cond ucted the interview.On the day, but necessarily immediately after, send the person an e-mail where you go through the following points:Thank them for the interview and express your gratitude for the opportunity.Follow-up on any questions they might have asked or correct any points you made during the interview. If you have questions about the role or the interview, you can also ask them.Return a compliment or mention a topic you discussed during the interview.Thank again for the interview and tell them to contact you if there’s anything.The tone of the e-mail should be professional and formal. You also want to keep it relatively short and you shouldn’t necessarily expect the person to reply, at least not until they have news regarding the role.If you haven’t heard from the recruiter after a few weeks, you can always give them a call to show enthusiasm and to check whether you are still being considered.StartupsThe startup follow-up is not essentially that different. Again, you want to focus on the same pointers I mentioned above. You should:Thank the interviewer for the time and the opportunity.Follow-up on any points discussed during the interview and present any ideas you have come up with after the interview. If you discussed industry news or new ideas that you think the startup might find useful, provide them information regarding these and perhaps give out links or reading suggestions on topics you touched on.Thank for the opportunity and ask them to contact you if they want to talk more.The follow-up is another opportunity to showcase your passion for the project and therefore, the idea of sending resources or adding to an idea you talked about is crucial with startups. The tone of your e-mail should also follow the kind of interview you had â€" which is likely to have been less formal anyway.So, if you were on personal terms and you discussed personal topics, such as family, you can mention this in the follow-up and keep the message tone informal and friendly.Furthermore, in terms of the process, your interview with the startup might well be the only interview you need to attend.In some instances, they might ask you back to meet the rest of the team and guarantee you are the right fit, but you’ll most likely be dealing with the top executive and major members of the team right from the first interview.THE BOTTOM LINEAs I said at the start, interviews are never alike. The roles, the industries, and the companies add their own flavour to the process and the emphasis will differ.While you’ve seen plenty of similarities with big companies and startups, the above should also have highlighted the key differences: the different things the interview is going to focus on in terms of skill and cultural fit, the tone of the interview from the formal nature of big companies to a more relaxed approach with startups, and the machine-like structure of big companies in asking questions compared with the more bespoke-style of startups.Kn owing these differences can help you prepare for the interview and the preparation can be a crucial factor in helping you feel more relaxed and confident during the process.When you know what to expect, you can have more confidence in answering the questions, directing the flow of the conversation, and focus on the exact points on why the company in question â€" whether it’s a big company or a startup â€" should hire you for their team.

Criminal Rehabilitation - Free Essay Example

Once a criminal, always a criminal: myth or fact? Introduction The introduction of psychotherapy programs into criminal rehabilitation settings has been vitally documented primarily within only the past few decades. This has contributed insight into a different realm of criminal rehabilitation that has yet to fully be understood by psychologists and jail managers alike. Estimates run as high as 70% that the majority of inmates released from prison in the US, are convicted of new crimes within five years (McGuire, 2008, p.29). Existential psychotherapy programs suggest an effective means for criminal rehabilitation and for reduction of jail populations. Effective criminal rehabilitation programs would contribute to notably reduce recidivism rates, consequently, decreasing jail populations. Kramer (1971) suggests that art therapy is ideal for working with aggressive children as aggression is an abundant source of energy for creative activity. The creative process both utilizes and neutralizes the clients pent-up aggression. By analysing the impact of such programs among children, psychologists are able to develop rehabilitations programs to undertake with adults. When addressing the aggressive aspect of numerous inmates, these latest programs aim high with intent to achieve desired reductions of displayed aggression and potentially the cause of recidivism. Validation of the previous statements could generate a wide variety of answers from more than one academic discipline. According to Repko (2 005), complex issues of this condition necessitate the use of the interdisciplinary approach to be thoroughly explored. Additionally, the discussion concerning the relationship between effective existential psychotherapy approaches and recidivism cannot be fully explained by scholars from one single discipline. Finally, the debate about whether effective psychotherapy programs can positively influence offender rehabilitation adequately enough to shrink recidivism rates, therefore, reducing jail populations, is cross cultural and addresses a practical societal problem. By meeting these criteria, this topic warrants investigation using the interdisciplinary approach (Repko, 2005, p.88). Given the broad nature of such a topic, ways in which an existential approach to psychotherapy can affect individuals could be discussed from the vantage point of several disciplines; in fact, most of the published research on the matter is integrative in nature. Disciplines that accurately encompass the entirety of this topic include psychology, sociology, art, economics, socioeconomics and humanities. Most pertinent to this research, however, are the disciplines of psychology, sociology and art. As a discipline which links behaviour with cognitive processes (Repko, 2005), psychology will provide a context in which to understand the emotional and cognitive nature of who psychotherapy influences. Given the continued rise in prison populations, a premium is placed on identifying efficient, yet effective prison based interventions (Morgan, 2006). Society is composed of individuals; therefore, to understand the sociological implications of psychotherapy or recidivism, it is first necessary to understand psychotherapys effect on an individual level. Prison inmates are some of the most maladjusted people in society. Most of the inmates have had too little discipline or too much, come from broken homes, and have no self-esteem (Kennedy, 1984, p.275). Art as ar t therapy provides a unique solution for children and adults with special needs or issues, as it addresses many aspects of the individual, including those of cognitive, emotional, and social nature that are hard to address initially separately within that personality (Nissimov-Nahum, 2008, p.1). Through the interdisciplinary process, the separate ideas presented by psychologists, sociologists, and art therapists will synthesize into a new whole, thus resulting in a significantly more comprehensive analysis. Despite being such a prolific form of treatment, psychotherapys ability to cognitively and behaviourally affect the mind is remarkably essential. Methods of research for this discussion will comprise of exploratory research, which structures and identifies new problems, constructive research, which develops solutions to a problem, and empirical research, which tests the feasibility of a solution using empirical evidence. Another method will be to study the results of e xperiments done by scientists and to perform statistical analyses. The purpose of this paper is to place a premium on identifying efficient, yet effective prison based interventions. Doing so will result in a hope of dissipating the problem until there is a more detailed understanding of an effective means for criminal rehabilitation and for reduction of jail populations. References Morgan, R. D., Kroner, D. G., Mills, J. F. (2006). Group Psychotherapy in Prison: Facilitating Change Inside the Walls [Electronic version]. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy. from Springer Link (10.1007/s10879-006-9017x). Nieberding, R. J., Frackowiak, M., Bodholdt, R. H., Rubel, J.G. (2000). Beware the Razorwire: Psychology Behind Bars[Electronic version]. Journal of Police and CriminalPsychology, 15(2), 11-20. from SpringerLink(10.1007/BF02802661). Ryba, N. L. (2008). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for OffenderHopelessness: Lessons from Treatment of Forensic Inpatients[Electronic version]. Journal of ContemporaryPsychotherapy,38(2), 73-80. from SpringerLink(10.1007/s10879-007-9070-0). Gittelman, M. (1997). Psychosocial Rehabilitation for theMentally Disabled: What Have We Learned? [Electronicversion]. Psychiatric Quarterly, 68(4), 393-406. FromSpringerLink (10.1023/A:1025451215976). Kennedy, D. B. (1984). Clinical Sociology and CorrectionalCounseling [Electron ic version]. Crime Delinquency,30(2),269-292. from SageJournals(10.1177/0011128784030002006). Morgan, R. D., Winterowd, C. L., Fuqua, D. R. (1999). TheEfficacy of an Integrated Theoretical Approach to GroupPsychotherapy for Male Inmates [Electronic version].Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 29(3), 203-222. FromSpringerLink (10.1023/A:1021969118113). Nissimov-Nahum, E. (2008). A model for art therapy in educationalsettings with children who behave aggressively (Manuscript)[Electronic version]. The Arts of Psychotherapy, 1-33. FromSpringerLink (10.1016/j.aip.2008.07.003). McGuire, J., Bilby, C. A., Hatcher, R. M., Hollin, C. R.(2008). Evaluation of structured cognitive–behaviouraltreatment programmes in reducing criminal recidivism[Electronic version]. Journal of Experimental Criminology,4(1), 21-40. from SpringerLink (10.1007/s11292-007-9047-8). Overholser, J. C. (2005). Contemporary Psychotherapy: PromotingPersonal Responsibility for Therapeutic Change [Electronicversion]. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 35(4),369376. from SpringerLink (10.1007/s10879-005-6699-4). Pallone, N. J., Hennessy, J. J. (2003). Sourcebook ofRehabilitation and Mental Health Practice. Springer US.Retrieved September 1, 2008, from SpringerLink(10.1007/0-30647893-5_33). Repko, A. (2005). Interdisciplinary Practice: A Student Guide to Research and Writing (Preliminary ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Custom Publishing. Turner, E., Rubin, S. (2002). Once a Sex Offender Always aSex Offender: Myth or Fact? [Electronic version] Journal ofPolice and Criminal Psychology, 17(2), 32-44. fromSpringerLink (10.1007/BF02807113).

The Legalizing Marijuana Debate Essay - 979 Words

Proposition 19, also known as the Regulate, Control and Tax Cannabis Act, was a controversial new initiative on the November 2, 2010 California statewide ballot, that would have applied a new tax on cannabis. Many reasons arose to contest this new proposition. Firstly, at a state and federal level one does not find a sufficient system currently in place to prevent the dispersion of cannabis to minors. Secondly, drivers already have enough contemporary distractions that will impair their driving such as: alcohol and the use of a cell-phone. Therefore, the government does not need to add marijuana as an additional dangerous influence for drivers. Moreover, once society compromises sanctioning a recognized drug, what will stop the general†¦show more content†¦Nowadays, cell-phones and alcohol consumption are enough distractions to hamper driver’s concentration; we do not need to add legal marijuana as another distraction. Defining, the distraction of marijuana, Szalavitz reports and Kluger (2010) writes,† tetrahydrocannabinol (T.H.C.) that’s behind a pot high’s otherworldly edge-and also behind the paranoia and hallucination†, hallucinations can put someone in crazy places, when one is driving his focus must be on the road and not somewhere else. Enlightening people to the hazard that external influences and specifically cell-phone usage create, researchers Horrey and Wickens (2006) found, â€Å"Cell phone distraction causes 2,600 deaths and 330,000 injuries in the United States every year†. Furthermore, the California Department of Motor Vehicles (1991) writes, â€Å"It is unlawful for anyone with 0.08 percent or more alcohol in his or her blood to drive†, the department deems legally intoxicated, one with blood alcohol content (B.A.C.) of 0.08%. On this note, research from the Center of Disease Control and Prevention (C.D.C) (1993) relaying to the government the numbers of death caused by those driving und er the influence write, â€Å"deaths among young persons aged 10-24 years in the UnitedShow MoreRelatedThe Debate Over Legalizing Marijuana745 Words   |  3 PagesLegalizing marijuana is a concept that can potentially benefit the public as well as the local economies. There has been a nationwide debate on whether marijuana should be legalized or not. The major consensus is that marijuana is not only bad for one’s health, but it is also dangerous to the community. These allegations are not true. Marijuana actually has health benefits that most people overlook. The following essay will address these health benefits in an attempt to present this concept in aRead MoreThe Debate over Legalizing Marijuana967 Words   |  4 PagesMarijuana is a drug which is used for recreational purposes as well as medicinal purposes. However, the medicinal use of marijuana has only been suggested in the recent years because previously it was just a drug which used to be exploited by the teenag ers, adults and others for their own personal purposes. Many people get arrested for illegal possession of marijuana because it is still illegal to have marijuana despite the ongoing debate of making it legal. There are many people who are againstRead MoreThe Debate about Legalizing Marijuana1487 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana is a hot, controversial topic often heard of in the media. Whether the anchors talk about a drug bust or the drug wars going on in Mexico, there is no doubt marijuana is in the mind of thousands of people. Some cultures use the plant in traditional practices. Smoking the plant was a popular thing in the sixties when hippies protested for peace, love, and being one with oneself. There are other instances where hemp is used in making cleaning products. Some people use the drug for medicalRead MoreThe Debate Over Marijuana And Legalizing It857 Words   |  4 Pagesdeveloped as a writer is being able to write about controversial topics. In English 101 I never wrote about a controversial topic. Because of that I didn’t know how to write a controversial piece. Every essay I have done in English 102 was about marijuana and legalizing it. This is a very controv ersial topic and through English 102 I was able to learn how to effectively write about it. I effectively wrote with my use of ethos. If I am credible during my writing then more people will follow my belief. AnotherRead MoreCharles Stimsons Debate On Legalizing Marijuana1852 Words   |  8 PagesMarijuana is a drug that is an ongoing issue in the United States for many years debating about whether it should be legal, so in 2010 the state of California proposed the â€Å"Tax, Regulate, and Control Cannabis Act† for voters to vote on which would make marijuana illegal. Charles Stimson, a former assistant U.S. Attorney specializing in crime, had strong opinions about what he thought about the issue and was paid to write an article by the Heritage Foundation where he could voice his opinion aboutRead MoreAn Analysis of President Obama’s Remarks about Marijuana Essay624 Words   |  3 PagesBarack Obama made some controversial remarks about legalizing marijuana. Presiden t Obama stated that he did not think that marijuana was â€Å"more dangerous than alcohol† (Remnick). This comment has caused proponents of legalizing marijuana to praise the President, while opponents are criticizing him for seemingly supporting this banned substance. Author Frank James of NPR.org wrote an article entitled â€Å"Obamas Marijuana Remarks Light Up Legalization Debate.† James explains how those who support legalizationRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1587 Words   |  7 Pages Legalization of Marijuana Marijuana is not a recent discovery, but the mysteries surrounding the controversial topic in question remains to be disputed since its prohibition. Classified as an illegal substance, cannabis has been restricted in Canada and around the world. Marijuana is a complex drug and its contradictory claims of medical purposes, and harmful destruction, fuel the debate on whether or not the legal constraints of consuming marijuana should be reconsidered. In consideration of academicRead MoreShould Drugs Be Legal?1604 Words   |  7 Pagesthey please which should be applied to what they choose to put in their body. Therefore, with marijuana and all of its benefits and consequences, should it be legal? No! will likely shout from many people s angry and often biased mouths. This is because most people associate a connotative definition as to what that drug is and how it affects people. Most people have this faulty knowledge that marijuana is detrimental to someone’s health because of w hat they associate with it, such as a dropoutRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Should Not Be Beneficial1240 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of marijuana is such a growing debate in the United States, whether it’s on television, in the classroom, or in your own kitchen; you may find yourself debating about it with someone. You are either for it, against it, or indifferent. Either way you still have an opinion of some sort about the legalization of marijuana. Christopher Beach and William Bennett are no different. The release of their article on called â€Å"Legalize Juggernaut† on WeeklyStandard.com timing is perfect sinceRead MoreEssay on What If Marijuana Became Legal?623 Words   |  3 Pages Legalizing medical marijuana would reduce crime rates all across the United States. Marijuana is a widely used drug and a lot of crime revolves around it. A lot of money is spent on marijuana, whether it is at a dispensary in Colorado or police officers spending large amounts of money on drug busts. Police officers want a strong relationship with the community they serve. Police want to catch real criminals who hurt real victims. It would save departments a lot of money because they are wasting

The Geriatric Population Is Surging Across The World

The geriatric population is surging across the world, â€Å"Triumphant advances in medicine combined with economic and social development are resulting in increased longevity in the world’s population† (Hanson, 2014, p. 225). Aging is an undeniable process, and though there are techniques and procedures that may minimize the appearance of aging, the biological process itself, is unpreventable. However, it is ironic that the Western world correlates and glorifies youth and beauty whilst it simultaneously holds prejudiced views against the aging process, even though every individual ages with every second that passes. Stereotypes are exaggerated, prejudiced, and distorted generalizations that degrade individual uniqueness by creation of†¦show more content†¦The cost of living especially in Canada is a steady increase and as a result, job security is of paramount importance for everybody in the general public. Without a stable and proper income, an individual†™s existence is difficult to maintain. Additional stressors such as an increase in age and stereotypical views embedded into society are elements that must be overcome. This is the situation older adults are facing in the Canadian society nowadays. By definition, â€Å"ageism refers to prejudice against older people† (Novak, Campbell Northcott, 2014, p. 7). Ageism is relevant to the discussion of why it is more difficult for the senior population to access jobs to maintain living expenses. Stereotypical beliefs such as â€Å"older adults are commonly considered to be less productive and less trainable and promotable than younger workers,† (Malinen Johnston, 2013, p. 446) can increase discrimination leading to barriers in job access. This results in a forced and early retirement, which can be causative factors of lowered standards of living for the elderly (Noelke Beckfield, 2014). Age discrimination can also impede on opportunities for employment due to stereotypes employers might have during job application evaluations and interviews (Irving, 2015). Despite evidence that there are â€Å"no performance differences between older and younger employees, or that older workers even outperform younger employees, discrimination against older workers can be evident†

I Am Pro Life. Essay - 2039 Words

I am pro-life. I always have and always will stand firm in my beliefs. I will especially remain firm in my belief that no innocent human being, especially unborn, should have to pay the consequences of someone else’s actions. Realizing that many others tend to disagree, I do not shove my opinions on abortion on anyone. However, being criticized for having the opinion that I do happens all the time and has only solidified my beliefs on this touchy subject of societal controversy. Growing tired of many endless conversations and arguments in my life, I interviewed a member of Planned Parenthood to get more insight on opposing opinions of mine. I am an abled, white, middle-class female. I was not raised in an extremely religious household. I was raised to think and act upon what I believed to be right, always keeping in mind that what may be â€Å"right† to me may not be to others. I was taught and told so many times that there will always be rewards as a result of good ch oices, but there will also always be consequences as a result of poor choices and actions. I was made to believe that I can get what I want in life through hard work and dedication, but to never step on others to get what you want. The ideas and morals, such as these, go hand-in-hand with the topic of and stances on abortion. My stance on abortion comes with my upbringing as well as personal experiences. I have done a lot of thinking about this topic and I continue to stand extremely firm in my belief that noShow MoreRelatedPro Life And Are Most Republicans Pro Choice1637 Words   |  7 PagesProposal Are most republicans pro-life and are most democrats pro-choice? The meaning of pro-life is the concept a person believes that abortion is wrong and everyone no matter how big or small has the right to live. While the meaning of pro-choice is the concept a person believes that abortion should be legal and a private decision between a woman and her physician. Many individuals have the belief that â€Å"tradionialists† republicans are pro-life and â€Å"modernists† democratics are pro- choice. What if thatRead MoreIssue Proposal on Abortion1276 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 1302-036 February 7, 2013 Everyone is Entitled to Their Constitutional Rights As a catholic-born child, I was brought up with very strict rules laid out before me that would help me with choices such as the holy sacrament of confirmation and marriage to the very controversial choice of abortion. Since I’ve been Catholic all of my life, I am a firm believer in the pro-life choice, which is advocating full legal protection of embryos and fetuses along with high opposition to the legalizationRead MorePro Choice And Pro Life1231 Words   |  5 PagesBrooke Weaver Mrs. Denton Honors 8th LA January 20, 2016 Research Paper I-Search: What I Learned About My Topic Abortion is one of the most heated moral debates all over the United States. Many people say that your view on the topic shows the type of person you are. There are two sides to this debate: Pro-Choice and Pro-life. In this case when you are Pro-choice you believe that women have the custody and rights to do what they want to with their baby. While many people believe in the women’s rightRead More Abortion is a Choice Essay1258 Words   |  6 Pagesyears to come. Before I get into the sides of abortion we must first define abortion. Abortion is the destruction of the fetus, or unborn child while the child is still in the mothers womb. There are two sides to this abortion topic. The Pro-life which is those who are against abortion altogether and the Pro-choice those who believe it is the womens right to choose if she wants to have an abortion. Personally, I am Pro-choice and I believe there are many clear-cut reasons to why I take this stand.Read MoreThe World Of Life - Original Writing Essay1267 Words   |  6 Pageschoice to bring me to life has wrought on yourself. â€Å"Still thou canst listen to me, and grant me thy compassion. By the virtues I once possessed, I demand this from you† (Shelley 67). Though my English is poor, I will do my best to communicate my points to you, and I ask you to listen, for our strife has long been sustained. Should you, creato r, have forced yourself to breathe life into a creature that will feel no joy in the world of humans, be shunned and victimized for life? Oh why, creator, didRead MoreThe Topic of Abortion Rights772 Words   |  3 PagesI have chosen the topic of abortion rights for my final paper. It is a very controversial and touchy subject, Roe v. Wade has been making headlines for years. The reason that I have chosen this topic is because I am a Christian and the stance of my religion is that abortion is wrong. However, I feel like Christians often tell people not do thing without fully examining the topic; they often do not have enough background knowledge on the situation. They try to view the world as wrong and right, blackRead More Abortion Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesAbortion From 1973 to 1987, over 22 million abortions have been performed. Pro-lifers would call that a terrible waste of humanlife. True, 22 million lives were taken, but I believe that we are better off without those. Websters dictionary defines abortion as the expulsion of anonviable fetus. Abortion might possibly be the mostcontroversial topic right now. Im sure by now that youve heard of all the different types ofabortion. Almost all abortions performed in the US are surgicalabortionsRead More Pro-Choice vs. Pro-Life: No Correct Answer Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pageswhether anything from an ovum to a fetus is a form of human life. No person knows this information, but it is debated among the two major sides on this issue. The first side are those that believe abortion should be forbidden at all times, they are called pro-life. The second are those that believe that it is a woman’s right to choose. They are called pro-choice. There are many arguments that fall behind each position. Those who argue for pro-choice, the right of the woman to choose, have a strongerRead MoreIs Abortion Morally Acceptable?852 Words   |  4 Pagesoperations in the US today. People that are â€Å"pro-choice† believe that it is acceptable for a woman to have the choice to abort her baby or not. They say that it is the legal right of a woman. They believe that a baby is not yet alive until it has been born. It is argued that a woman should be able to do what is best for her future, health, and body. On the other side of the spectrum lies people that are â€Å"pro-life†. They believe that human life begins at the time of conception and that killingRead MoreThe Issue Of Abortion And Abortion876 Words   |  4 Pagescontroversial issues that exists in our society. An abortion is a medical procedure that terminates a pregnancy before 24 weeks. People who call themselves Pro-Life feel that it is the government’s responsibility to preserve all life, regardless of concerns for the pregnant woman’s health, or for the quality of the life of the child. The Pro-Choice argument feels that a woman should have the choice when it comes to what they wish to do with their own reproductive organs. There s many arguments

Essay on Medias Portrayal Of Beauty Affects Socieites Youth

Beauty is an omnipresent characteristic that plagues societies’ youth today because mainstream media has them convinced that inner beauty is less important than physical beauty. Unfortunately the media’s warped sense of what true beauty is has been advertised in such a way that it has become an unhealthy observation for today’s youth. The expectations of beauty are unacceptably stereotyped, which creates unrealistic idealistic goals for our young people to try to achieve. It is crucial to mention that as a society we need to strive toward teaching the proper balance between both aspects of beauty to offset the portrayal of what true beauty is by the media. The media has created an obsession with perfection through the use of†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"While more common among girls, eating disorders also affect boys† (New, 2011, pg 1). Part of this problem is because of pressures from the media, peer pressure and the lack of education about the changes their bodies will inevitably go through during puberty and why. Teenagers are more vulnerable to social and peer pressure, which may explain the rates of eating disorders in societies youth (Tree, 2012). This is the reason that our society must work to educate our youth to help ensure that they become proud of whom they are, no matter what size or shape they are. â€Å"Adolescence is a time of sexual identity and the need for independence that conflicts with the rules and expectations set by others† (New, 2012, pg 2). Though there are a large amount of contributors toward the rising rates of teen self-injury and suicides, it is clear that the media pressures to perfection are one contributor. Preteens and adolescents ages 12 to 19 are engaging in self injury in record numbers then in previous years (Pavlishina, 2012) and â€Å"suicide is the third-leading cause of death for 15- to 24-year-olds, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, after accidents and homicides† (New, 2012, pg 1). Each day our youth is exposed to commercialized images of what the male and female body should look like and these extremely serious issues are not helped by the impossible portrayals of perfection by

Nature of Financial Management Free Essays

string(109) " determine whether an investment – proposed or existing – contribute positively to the owner’s wealth\." Chapter 3 – NATURE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT What is finance Finance can be defined as he art and science of managing money. Virtually all individuals and organizations earn or raise money and spend or invest money. Finance is concerned with the process, institutions, markets and instruments involved in the transfer of money among individuals, business and governments. We will write a custom essay sample on Nature of Financial Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nature of Financial Management Financial Management as an academic discipline has undergone fundamental changes as regard its scope and coverage. In the earlier years, it was treated synonymously with the raising of funds. In the later years, its broader scope, included in addition to procurement of funds, efficient use of resources. Scope of Financial Management Financial is broadly concerned with the acquisition and use of funds by a business firm. The important tasks of financial management, as related to the above, may be categorized as follows: – A. Financial Analysis, Planning and Control †¢ Analysis of financial condition and preference †¢ Profit Planning †¢ Financial forecasting †¢ Financial Control B. Investing †¢ Management of current assets (cash, marketable securities, receivables and inventories) †¢ Capital Budgeting (identification, selection and implementation of capital projects) †¢ Managing of mergers, reorganizations and divestments C. Financing †¢ Identification of sources of finance and determination of financing mix †¢ Cultivating sources of funds and raising funds †¢ Allocation of profits between dividends and retained earnings Important Topics in Financial Management Table 1. 1 Balance Sheet and Topics in Financial Management Share Capital EquityCapital Structure and Cost of Capital Preference Reserves and Surplus Debentures Unsecured Loan Current Liabilities ProvisionsWorking Capital Trade CreditorsFinancing Policy Provisions Fixed Assets (Net)Capital Budgeting Gross Block Less Depreciation InvestmentSecurity Analysis Current Assets, Loans and Advances Cash and bank balancesCash Management ReceivablesReceivables Management InventoriesInventory Policy Loans and Advances Miscellaneous Expenditure and Losses Table 1. 2 Income statement and Topics in Financial Management Net SalesRevenue risk Cost of goods Sold Materials and stocks Wages and Salaries Other Manufacturing Expenses Gross ProfitGross profit margin Operating Expenses Selling and Administration Expenses DepreciationDepreciation Policy Operating Profit Non operating surplus / deficit Earnings before interest and taxBusiness risk InterestFinancial risk Profit before tax TaxTax planning Profit after taxReturn on equity DividendsDividend policy Retained Earnings Goals / Objectives of Financial Management- Traditional Approach – It has been traditionally been argued that the objective of a company is to earn profit. This means that the finance manager has to make decision in a manner that the profit is maximised. Each alternative, therefore, is to be seen as to whether or not it gives maximum profit. Profit maximization objective gives rise to a number of problems as below: – i) Profit maximization concept should be considered in relation to risks involved. There is a direct relationship between risk and profit. Many risky propositions yield high profit. Higher the risk, higher is the possibility of profits. If profit maximization is the only goal, then risk factor is altogether ignored. i) Profit maximization, as an objective does not take into account time pattern of return. Proposal A may give a higher amount of profits compared to proposal B, yet if the returns begin to flow say 10 years later, proposal B may be preferred which may have lower overall profits but the returns flow is more early and quick. iii) Profit maximization, as an objective is too narrow. It fails to take into acc ount the social considerations as also the obligations to various interests of workers, consumers, society as well as ethical trade practices. Further, most business leaders believe that adoption of ethical standards strengthen their competitive positions. iv) Profits do not necessarily result in cash flows available to the stockholder. Owners receive cash flow in the form of either cash dividends paid to them or proceeds from selling their shares for a higher price than paid initially. Modern Approach – The alternative to profit maximization is wealth maximization. This is also known as Value maximization or Net Present Worth maximization. Value is represented by the market price of the company’s equity shares. Prices in the share market at a given point of time, are the result of many factors like general economic outlook, particular outlook if the companies under consideration, technical factors and even mass psychology. However taken on a long-term basis, the share market prices of a company’s shares do reflect the value, which the various parties put on a company. Normally, the value is a function of two factors (i) The likely rate of earnings per share of a company (EPS) and (ii) The capitalization rate EPS are calculated by dividing the periods total earnings available for the firm’s common shares by the number of shares of common shares outstanding. The likely rate of earnings per share (EPS) depends on the assessment as to how profitably a company is going to operate in the future. The capitalisation rate reflects the liking of the investors for a company. If the company earns a higher rate of earning per share through risky operations or risky financing pattern, the investors will not look upon its shares with favour. To that extent, the market value of the shares of such a company will be low. If a company invests its fund in risky ventures, the investors will put in their money if they get higher return as compared to that from a low risk share. The market value of a firm is a function of the earning per share and the capitalisation rate. Suppose the Earning per share are expected to be Rs. 7 for a share, and the capitalisation rate expected by the shareholder is 20 per cent, the market value of the share is likely to be 7 7 x 100 —— = ———- = Rs. 5 20% 20 This is so because at this price, the investors have an earning of 20%, something they expect from a company with this degree of risk. The important issues relating to maximizing share prices are Economic Value Added (EVA) and the focus on stakeholders. Economic Value Added (EVA) is a popular measure used by many firms to determine whether an investment – proposed or existing – contribute positively to the owner’s wealth. You read "Nature of Financial Management" in category "Essay examples" EVA is calculated by subtracting, the cost of funds used to finance or investment from its after-tax-operations profits. Investments with positive EVA increase shareholder value as those with negative EVA reduce shareholders value. For example, the EVA of an investment with after tax operations profits of Rs. 510,000 and associated financing costs of Rs. 475,000 would be Rs. 35,000 (i. e. Rs. 410,000 – 375,000) Because this EVA is positive, the investment is expected to increase owner wealth and is therefore acceptable. What about Stakeholders? Stakeholders are group such as employees, customers, suppliers, creditors, owners and others who have a direct economic link to the firm. A firm with a stakeholder focus consciously avoids actions that would prove detrimental to stakeholders. The goal is not to maximize stakeholder well being but to preserve it. It is expected to provide long run benefit to shareholders by maintaining positive stakeholder relationships. Such relationship should minimize stakeholder turnover, conflicts and litigation. Clearly, the firm can better achieve its goal of shareholder wealth maximization by maintaining cooperation with other stakeholders rather than having conflict with them. The Role of ethics – Ethics is standards of conduct or moral judgment. Today the business community in general and the financial community in particular are developing and enforcing ethical standards, purpose being to motivate business and market participants to adhere to both the letter and the spirit of laws and regulations concerned with business and professional practice. An effective ethics program is believed to enhance corporate value. An ethics program can reduce potential litigation and judgment costs, maintain a positive corporate image, and build shareholders confidence, and gain the loyalty, commitment and respect of the firms stakeholders. Such actions, by maintaining and enhancing cash flow and reducing perceived risk, can positively affect the firm’s share prices. Ethical behaviour is therefore viewed as necessary for achieving the firm’s goal of owner wealth maximization. Place of Finance function in the organization structure: – The finance function is almost the same in most enterprises. The details may differ but the important features are universal in nature. The finance function occupies such a major place that it cannot be the sole responsibility of the executive. The important aspects of the finance function have to be carried on by the top management i. e. the Managing Director and the Board of Directors. It is the Board of Directors, which makes all the material final decisions involving finance. Financial management in many ways is an integral part of the jobs of managers who are involved in planning, allocation of resources and control. The responsibilities for financial management are disposed throughout the organization. For example: †¢ The engineer, who proposes a new plant, shapes the investment policy of the firm. The marketing analyst provides inputs in the process of forecasting and planning. †¢ The purchase manager influences the level of investment in inventories. †¢ The sales manager has a say in the determination of receivable policy. †¢ Departmental managers, in general, are important links in the financial control system of the firm. The chief financial officer (CFO) is basically to assist the top manageme nt. He has an important role to contribute to good decision making on issues, which involve all the functional areas of the business. He must clearly bring out financial implications of all decisions and make them understood. CFO (his designation vary from company to company) works directly under the President or the Managing Director of the company. Besides routine work he keeps the Board of Directors informed about all the phases of business activity, including economic, social and political developments affecting the business behaviour. He also furnishes information about the financial status of the company by reviewing from time to time. The CFO may have different officers under him to carry out his functions. Broadly, the functions are divided into two parts. (i) Treasury function (ii) Control function Treasury function (headed by financial manager) is commonly responsible for handling financial activities, such as financial planning and fund raising, making capital expenditures decisions, managing cash, managing credit activities, managing the pension fund and managing foreign exchange. The control function (headed by Chief Accountant / Financial Controller) typically handles the accounting activities such as corporate accounting, tax management, financial accounting and cost accounting. The treasurer’s focus tends to be more external, the controllers focus more internal: – BOARD OF DIRECTORS Managing Director/President V. P ProductionV. P FinanceV. P Sales Treasurer Controller Credit Cash Banking PortfolioCorporate Taxes Internal Budgeting Management Management Relation ManagementGeneral Audit Accounting Cost Accounting Fig 1. 1 Organization chart of finance function Relationship of field of finance with economics – The field of finance is closely related to economics. Financial managers must understand the economic framework and be alert to the consequences of varying levels of economic activity and changes in economic policy. They must be able to use economic theories as guidance for efficient business operation. Examples include supply-demand analysis, profit-maximizing strategies, and price theory. The primary economic principle used in managerial function is marginal analysis, the principle that financial decisions should be made and actions taken only when the added benefits exceed the added costs. Nearly all-financial decisions ultimately come down to an assessment of their marginal benefits and marginal costs. Relationship to Accounting – The firm’s finance (treasurer) and accounting (controller) activities are closely related and generally overlap. Normally managerial finance and accounting are not often easily distinguishable. In small firms the Controller often carries out the finance function and in large firms many accountants are also involved in various finance activities. There are two basic differences between finance and accounting: – i) Emphasis on cash flows: – The accountant’s primary function is to develop and report data for measuring the performance of the firm, assuming its financial position and paying taxes using certain standardized and generally accepted principles. The accountant prepares financial statements based on accrual basis. The financial manager places primary emphasis on cash flows, the inflow and outflow of cash. ii) Relating to decision-making: – Accountants devote most of their operation to the collection and presentation of financial data. The primary activities of the financial manager in addition to ongoing involvement in financial analysis and planning are making investment decisions and making financing decisions. Investment decisions determine both the mix and the type of assets held by the firm. Financing decisions determine both the mix and the type of financing used by the firm. However the decisions are actually made on the basis of cash flow effects on the overall value of the firm. Interface with other Functions – Finance is defined as the lifeblood of an organization. It is a common thread, which binds all the organizational functions as each function when carried out creates financial implications. The interface between finance and other functions can be described as follows: – Manufacturing Finance – i) Manufacturing function necessitates a large investment. Productive use of resources ensures a cost advantage for the firm. i) Optimum investment in inventories improves profit margin. iii) Many parameters of the production cost having effect on production cost are possible to control through internal management thus improving profits. iv) Important production decisions like make or buy can be taken only after financial implications have been considered. Marketing Finance – i) Many aspects of marketing management have financia l implications e. g. hold inventories to provide off the shelf service to customers and thus increase sales; extension of credit facility to customers to increase sales. i) Marketing strategies to increase sales have additional cost impact, which needs to be weighed carefully against incremental revenue. Personnel Finance – In the global competitive scenario business firms are moving to leaner and flat organizations. Investments in Human Resource Development are also bound to increase. Restructuring of remuneration structure, voluntary retirement schemes, sweat equity etc. have become major financial decisions in the area of human resource management. Strategic Planning – Finance – Finance function is an important tool in the hands of management for strategic planning and control on two counts – i) The decision variables when converted into monetary terms are easier to grasp. ii) Finance function has strong inter-linkages with other functions. Controlling other functions through finance route is possible. Methods and Tools of Financial Management – i) In the area of Financing – Funds are procured from long-term sources as well as short-term sources. Long-term funds may be made available by owners, i. e. hareholders, lenders through issue of debentures / bonds, from financial institutions, banks and public at large. Short-term funds may be procured from commercial banks, suppliers of goods, public deposits etc. The finance manager has to decide on optimum capital structure with a view to maximize shareholder’s wealth. Financial leverage or trading on equity is an important method by which return to shareholders can be increased. ii) F or evaluating capital expenditure (investment) decisions, a finance manager uses various methods such as average rate of return, payback, internal rate of return, net present value and profitability index. ii) In the area of working capital management there are various methods for efficient utilization of current resources at the disposal of the firm, thus increasing profitability. The centralized method of cash management is considered a better method of managing liquid resources of the firm. iv) In the area of dividend decision, a firm is faced with the problem of declaring dividend or postponing dividend declaration, a problem of internal financing. There are tools to tackle such situation. v) For the evaluation of a firm’s performance there are different methods. For example, ratio analysis is a popular technique to evaluate different aspects of a firm. vi) The main concern of the finance manager is to provide adequate funds from the best possible source, at the right time and the minimum cost and to ensure that the funds so acquired are put to best possible use through various methods / techniques are used to determine that funds have been procured from the best possible available services and the funds have been used in the best possible way: Funds flow and cash flow statements and projected financial statements help a lot in this regard. The changing role of Financial Management in India – Modern Financial Management has come a long way from the traditional corporate finance. The finance Manager is working in a challenging environment, which changes continuously. As the economy is opening up and global resources are being tapped, the opportunities available to finance manager have no limits. At the same time one must understand the risk in the decisions. Financial management is passing through an area of experimentation and excitement, as a large part of the finance activities carried out today were not heard a few years ago. A few instances are enumerated below: – i) Interest rates have been deregulated, further interest rates are fluctuating, and minimum cost of capital necessitates anticipating interest rate movements. ii) Rupee has become freely convertible in current account. iii) Optimum debt equity mix is possible. The firms have to take advantage of the financial leverage to increase the shareholders wealth. However financial leverage entails financial risk. Hence a correct trade off between risk and improved rate of return to shareholders is a challenging task. v) With free pricing of issues, the optimum price of new issue is a challenging task, as overpricing results in under subscription and loss of investor confidence whereas under pricing leads to unwarranted increase in number of shares and also reduction of earnings per share. v) Maintaining share prices is crucial. In the liberalized scenario the capital markets is the important avenue of funds for business. The dividend and bonus p olicies framed, has a direct bearing on the share prices. i) Ensuring management control is vital especially in the light of foreign participation in equity (which is backed by huge resources) making the firm an easy takeover target. Existing managements may loose control in the eventuality of being unable to take up the share entitlements. Financial strategies to prevent this are vital to the present management. Forms of Business Organization – The three most common forms of business organization are the sole proprietorship, the partnership and the company. Other specialized forms of business organizations also exist. Sole proprietorship are the most In terms of total receipts and net profits corporate form of business dominate. Sole Proprietorship – A sole proprietorship is a business owned by one person who runs for his own profit. Majority of the business firms are sole proprietorships. The typical sole proprietorship is a small business e. g. bakeshop, personal trainer or plumber. The majority of sole proprietorship is found in the wholesale, retail, service and construction industries. Typically, the proprietor along with few employees runs the business. He raises capital from personal resources or by borrowing and is responsible for all business decisions. The sole proprietor has unlimited liability, towards creditors not restricted to the amount originally invested. The key strengths and weaknesses of sole proprietorship are given in table 1. 3. Partnership – A partnership firm is a business run by two or more persons for profit. Partnership accounts for the next majority of business and they are typically larger than sole proprietorship. Finance, legal and real estate firms often have large number of partners. Most partnerships are established by a written contract known as ‘Deed of Partnership’. In partnership, all partners have unlimited liability for all the debts of the partnership. In India, partnership is governed by the Partnership Act, 1932. Strengths and weaknesses or partnerships are summarized in Table 1. 3. Company Form – A company form of business is a legal entity, separated from the owners, with perpetual succession. Just like an individual, the company can sue and be sued, make and be party to contracts and acquire property in its own name. The company form of organization is the dominant form of business organization in terms of receipts and profits. Although, corporations are involved in all types of business, manufacturing corporation account for the largest portion of corporate business receipts and net profits. The key strengths and weaknesses of corporate form are summarized in Table 1. 3. The owners of the company are its shareholders, whose ownership is evidenced by either common shares or preference shares. Shareholders get a return by receiving dividends i. e. periodic distribution of earnings or gains through increase in share price. Owner’s liability is limited to the amount paid on their shares. Shareholder elects the Board of Directors through vote. The Board of Directors has the ultimate authority in running the organization including making the general policy. The President or Chief Executive Office (CEO) is responsible for managing day to day operations and carrying out the policies established by the Board. The CEO is required to report periodically to the firm’s board of directors. The corporate form of business are subject to strict control by Regulatory Agencies including Companies Ac, 1956, SEBI, etc. Table I – Strengths and weaknesses of the common forms of business organizations Sole Proprietorship |Partnership |Company | | | | | |Strengths | | | | | | | |Owners receive all profits and incurs all losses |Can raise more funds than the sole proprietorship |Owners liability is limited to the extent paid on | | |their shares | |Low organizational costs |Borrowing powers enhanced by more owners | | | | |Can achieve large size via sale of shares | | |More available manpower and managerial skill | | |Income is i ncluded and taxed on owners personal tax | |Ownership (share) is readily transferable | |return |Income included and mixed on individual partner’s tax | | | |return |Long life of the firm | |Independence | | | | | |Can have professional managers | |Secrecy | | | | | |Has better access to financing | |Ease of dissolution | | | | | |Receives some tax advantage | | | | | | | | | |Weaknesses – |Owners have unlimited liability and may have to cover | | | |debts of other partners |Taxes generally higher, because corporate income is | |Owner has unlimited liability towards debt of the firm| |taxed and dividends paid to owners are also taxed. | |Partnership is dissolved when partner dies |(the latter has been exempted at the hands of the | |Limited fund raising power limits growth | |shareholders in India) | | |Difficult to liquidate or transfer partnership | | |Proprietor must be jack-of-all trades | |More expensive to organize than other forms of | | | |business | |Difficul t to give employees long-run career | | | |opportunities | |Subject to greater control by regulating authorities | | | | | |Lacks continuity when proprietor dies or unable to | |Lacks secrecy since the shareholders must receive | |operate | |financial reports at periodic intervals | | | | | Limited Liability Partnership A limited liability partnership (LLP) is a partnership in which some or all partners (depending on the jurisdiction) have limited liability. It therefore exhibits elements of partnerships and corporations. In an LLP, one partner is not responsible or liable for another partner’s misconduct or negligence. This is an important difference from that of an unlimited partnership. In an LLP, some partners have a form of limited liability similar to that of the shareholders of a corporation. In some countries, an LLP must also have at least one â€Å"general partner† with unlimited liability. Unlike corporate shareholders, the partners have the right to manage the business directly. In contrast, corporate shareholders have to elect a board of directors under the laws of various state charters. The board organizes itself (also under the laws of the various state charters) and hires corporate officers who then have as â€Å"corporate† individuals the legal responsibility to manage the corporation in the corporation’s best interest. An LLP also contains a different level of tax liability from that of a corporation. Limited liability partnerships are distinct from limited partnerships in some countries, which may allow all LLP partners to have limited liability, while a limited partnership may require at least one unlimited partner and allow others to assume the role of a passive and limited liability investor. As a result, in these countries, the LLP is more suited for businesses where all investors wish to take an active role in management. There is considerable confusion between LLPs as constituted in the U. S. nd that introduced in the UK in 2001 and adopted elsewhere  Ã¢â‚¬â€ see below  Ã¢â‚¬â€ since the UK LLP is, despite the name, specifically legisl ated as a Corporate body rather than a Partnership. India The Limited Liability Partnership Act 2008 was published in the official Gazette of India on January 9, 2009 and has been notified with effect from 31 March 2009. However, the Act, has been notified with limited sections only. The rules have been notified in the official gazette on April 1, 2009. The first LLP was incorporated in the first week of April 2009. 1. In India, for all purposes of taxation, an LLP is treated like any other partnership firm. 2. be limited to their agreed contribution in the LLP. 3. Further, no partner would be liable on account of the independent or unauthorized actions of other partners, thus allowing individual partners to be shielded from joint liability created by another partner’s wrongful business decisions or misconduct. 4. LLP shall be a body corporate and a legal entity separate from its partners. It will have perpetual succession. Indian Partnership Act, 1932 shall not be applicable to LLPs and there shall not be any upper limit on number of partners in an LLP unlike an ordinary partnership firm where the maximum number of partners can not exceed 20, LLP Act makes a mandatory statement where one of the partner to the LLP should be an Indian. 5. Provisions have been made for corporate actions like mergers, amalgamations etc. 6. While enabling provisions in respect of winding up and dissolutions of LLPs have been made, detailed provisions in this regard would be provided by way of rules under the Act. 7. The Act also provides for conversion of existing partnership firm, private limited company and unlisted public company into a LLP by registering the same with the Registrar of Companies (ROC) 8. Nothing Contained in the Partnership Act 1932 shall effect an LLP. 9. The Registrar of Companies (Roc) shall register and control LLPs also. 10. The governance of LLPs shall be in electronic mode based on the successful model of the present Ministry of Corporate Affairs Portal. Chapter Assignments – 1. What are the tasks of Financial Management? 2. Discuss the salient features of the traditional approach to Corporation Finance. 3. Discuss the distinctive features of modern approach to Corporation Finance. 4. What is the normative goal of financial management? 5. â€Å"Financial Management is an integral part of the jobs of all managers. Hence it cannot be entrusted to a staff Department†. Discuss. 6. Discuss some of the problems the financial managers in a developing country like India have to grapple with. 7. Draw a typical organization chart highlighting the finance function of a company. 8. Which of the following functions should be the responsibility of a Finance Manager? i) Maintaining the books of account. ii) Negotiating loans with banks iii) Preparation of cost statements iv) Conducting of internal audit v) Analysis of new projects i) Ensuring that enough cash is available at all the branches and factories of the company. vii) Assisting the management in taking a decision regarding the quantum of dividend. viii) Negotiating under-writing agreements in case of new issues ix) Preparing the financi al statements. x) Deciding about change in the policies regarding recruitment. xi) Decision on administrative practices. xii) Change in marketing and advertising techniques routine. 9. Which of the following statements are true? i) It is the job of the finance manager to approve all payments. ii) The finance manager has to keep a proper balance in the procurement and use of funds. iii) Acquisition of fixed assets is of no concern to the finance manager. v) It is always advisable to distribute the total amount of profit as dividend. v) Since it is crucial that all sections of the business have adequate cash, it is a good policy to give each sections of the business double the amount of cash that they normally require so that they can meet even emergencies. vi) Debentures and loans from financial institutions are very important sources of long-term funds. vii) It is better if no credits are given to the customers since this would mean that no amounts are tied up in sundry creditors. v iii) In a period of rising prices, it is better to stock as much as raw material as possible, irrespective of the cost of procuring funds. x) A proper capitalization ensures that there is a balance between long-term funds and short-term funds and also proper ratios are maintained between the various sources of funds. 10. Which of the following statements do you agree? i) Financial management is essential only in private sector enterprise. ii) Only capitalists have to bother about money. The bureaucrat is to administer and not manage funds. iii) The public administrators in our country must be given a basic understanding of essentials of finance. iv) A state owned Transport Company must immediately deposit in the bank all its takings. v) â€Å"Financial Management is counting pennies. We do not believe in such miserly attitude†. vi) â€Å"Finance function is important as any other function in an organization†. How to cite Nature of Financial Management, Essay examples